English Literature

Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561, in London, and died on April 9, 1626, also in London. He was a lawyer, statesman, philosopher, and a great writer of English. From 1618 to 1621, he served as the lord chancellor of England. People remember him for many things: his short essays full of practical wisdom, his strong speeches in Parliament and famous trials, and his service under King James I. He believed that all knowledge belonged to human beings and urged new ways of studying nature so that people could improve their lives. Important questions with 75-word answers each on Bacon’s essay Of Friendship, Q1. What is Bacon’s main idea in Of Friendship?   Francis Bacon says friendship is very important in human life. A true friend gives comfort when we are sad. A friend also makes our happiness greater when we are joyful. A good friend guides us with wise and helpful advice. Friendship removes loneliness and makes life meaningful. Bacon says wealth, power, and success cannot mat...

              Environmental studies              B. A. Semester II Notes  इथे "पर्यावरण अध्ययन" या विषयाच्या युनिट 1 वर आधारित 10 बहुपर्यायी प्रश्न (MCQs) मराठीत दिले आहेत, उत्तरांसह: 1. पर्यावरण म्हणजे काय? A) फक्त निसर्ग B) फक्त मानवनिर्मित गोष्टी C) निसर्ग आणि मानवनिर्मित गोष्टींचा एकत्रित समूह D) वायूचं मिश्रण उत्तर: C 2. खालीलपैकी कोणते पर्यावरणाचे घटक नाहीत? A) वनस्पती B) प्राणी C) संगणक D) पाणी उत्तर: C 3. परिसंस्था म्हणजे काय? A) एक जंगल B) मानव तयार केलेली रचना C) सजीव व निर्जीव घटकांचा परस्पर संबंध असलेली यंत्रणा D) केवळ प्राणी उत्तर: C 4. खालीलपैकी कोणती नैसर्गिक परिसंस्था आहे? A) शाळा B) तलाव C) रस्ता D) कारखाना उत्तर: B 5. मानवनिर्मित परिसंस्था कोणती? A) जंगल B) समुद्र C) शेती D) डोंगर उत्तर: C 6. हवामान बदलाचे एक मुख्य कारण कोणते आहे? A) पावसाचा अभाव B) झाडे लावणे C) हरितगृह वायूंमध्ये वाढ D) पाण्याची बचत उत्तर: C 7. हवामान बदलाचा एक परिणाम कोणत...

Mending Wall by Robert Frost  Summary & Analysis 1:   Introduction: “Mending Wall” is a poem by the American poet Robert Frost. It was published in 1914, as the first entry in Frost’s second book of poems, North of Boston. The poem is set in rural New England, where Frost lived at the time—and takes its impetus from the rhythms and rituals of life there. The poem describes how the speaker and a neighbor meet to rebuild a stone wall between their properties—a ritual repeated every spring. This ritual raises some important questions over the course of the poem, as the speaker considers the purpose of borders between people and the value of human work. Summary: There is some force that doesn’t like walls. It causes the frozen ground to swell underneath a wall, and the wall's upper stones then topple off in the warmth of the sun. This creates gaps in the wall so big that two people could walk through them side-by-side. And then there are the hunters who take apart the wall—t...

Q. Critically appreciate the poem Ulysses?  *Ulysses* Ulysses is unhappy with his life as king of Ithaca. He feels trapped on the rocky island. He thinks his people are stupid and uncivilized. They only care about wealth, sleep, and food. Ulysses wants to travel the world again. He wants to explore new places and meet new people. He wants to feel alive. He remembers his past adventures with joy. He enjoyed every moment, even the hard times. Ulysses is famous for his travels. He has seen many places and learned about different cultures. He was honored and respected wherever he went. He also enjoyed fighting in battles alongside his fellow soldiers. Ulysses feels that his experiences have changed him. He has learned and grown from every encounter. But he is not satisfied. He wants to see more of the world. He wants to explore new regions and discover new things. Ulysses thinks it is boring to stay in one place. He compares himself to a sword that is not being used. He fee...

Unit 4  Figures of Speech  1. Simile English Explanation: A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words "like" or "as." It helps create vivid imagery and makes descriptions more relatable. Similes are often used in poetry and literature to express emotions or clarify meanings. For example, "Her eyes were as bright as stars" compares the brightness of her eyes to stars, making the description more lively. Similes make writing more colorful and easier to understand. Example: He is as brave as a lion. Marathi Explanation: सिमिली ही अलंकारिक भाषाशैली आहे जी दोन वेगळ्या गोष्टींची तुलना "सारखी" किंवा "प्रमाणे" या शब्दांचा वापर करून करते. ही शैली वर्णन अधिक प्रभावी बनवते आणि भावना स्पष्ट करण्यास मदत करते. उदाहरणार्थ, "तिचे डोळे तारकांसारखे चमकत होते" हे वर्णन तिच्या डोळ्यांचे तेज तारकांच्या तेजाशी तुलना करून अधिक सुंदर बनवते. सिमिली लेखन अधिक रंगीबेरंगी आणि सोपे बनवते. उदाहरण: तो सिंह...

THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL The Revolt against the Classical School In the 18th century, English poetry followed fixed rules. Poets like Dryden and Pope made this style famous. They showed how to write poetry in a perfect way. But the poets who came after them only copied their style without using new ideas. This made poetry boring and lifeless. Pope himself joked that such poetry could make readers fall asleep. The need for a new style of poetry became clear. James Thomson started this change with his poem The Seasons in 1726. Later, in The Castle of Indolence, he used Spenser's old poetic style after nearly 200 years. Collins and Gray continued this new movement in their poems. Goldsmith and Burns wrote about the simple life of common people with humour and reality. Poets like Cowper, Crabbe, and Blake showed that the old style was dying and a new style was about to be born. The final break happened in 1798 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads. This book became a turn...