Certificate Course Lesson 7 Translating A Passage

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The Metaphysical School of Poets

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THE METAPHYSICAL SCHOOL OF POETS The Term Metaphysical The word "Metaphysical" was first used by Dr. Johnson, who took it from Dryden. Dryden had said about Donne, "He affects the metaphysics." It means these poets tried to express deep thoughts beyond the ordinary meaning of subjects. Originally, the word was used in a negative way, implying that these poets were unnatural and strange in their style. Dr. Johnson gave a famous description of the Metaphysical poets, though he was mostly critical of them. The Metaphysical Poets John Donne started the Metaphysical style in the early 17th century. Dryden criticized Donne for using philosophy in love poems. Dr. Johnson admired Donne but found his work difficult to understand. Donne influenced many poets like George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Henry Vaughan, Abraham Cowley, Sir John Suckling, and John Cleveland. Among them, Dr. Johnson considered Cowley the best. However, Dryden and Pope thought Cowley was not a good writer...
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Respiratory and Phonatory system

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  The Respiratory System The Phonatory system Q. 1)  Write a short note on the respiratory system? Q. 2)  Write a short note on the phonatory system? Q. 3) Explain the phonatory and the respiratory system in your own words.  Q. 4) Explain the function of vocal cords or write a short note on the vocal cords. Q. 5) Write a short note on the larynx. Q. 6) Write a short note on different positions of vocal cords. The Respiratory System: The respiration means breathing in and breathing out. The respiratory system has the lungs, the chest muscles and the windpipe ( also called the trachea).  Our lunchs are a very important part of our body. They can take the air in or they can throw the air out. In both cases, the air goes through the trachea. In simple words, we call it breathing in and breathing out.  This process produces an airstream and without an airstream, no sounds can be produced. And so the lungs that provide the airstream are very important for the spe...
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The Classical Movement

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2. The Classical Movement The time when this movement became popular is known by three names: The Classical Age: Because it followed high standards. The Augustan Age: It was like the time of Emperor Augustus, whose rule brought great literature. Dr. Johnson said Dryden improved English literature just like Augustus improved Rome. The Age of Reason and Good Sense: It focused on reason and clear thinking, based on Boileau's ideas in 1673. Factors Responsible for the Changed Outlook Around the middle of the 17th century, English poetry changed. The Metaphysical style had become confusing and less popular. Ben Jonson had warned about this and suggested a return to classical rules. Jonson preferred order and discipline over wild imagination. His ideas were ignored at first but became popular later. King Charles II stayed in France before becoming king. He brought French literary tastes to England, which were based on classical literature. This new style influenced all types of writing. ...
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