Certificate Course Lesson 7 Reading and expressing in your own words

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Respiratory and Phonatory system

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  The Respiratory System The Phonatory system Q. 1)  Write a short note on the respiratory system? Q. 2)  Write a short note on the phonatory system? Q. 3) Explain the phonatory and the respiratory system in your own words.  Q. 4) Explain the function of vocal cords or write a short note on the vocal cords. Q. 5) Write a short note on the larynx. Q. 6) Write a short note on different positions of vocal cords. The Respiratory System: The respiration means breathing in and breathing out. The respiratory system has the lungs, the chest muscles and the windpipe ( also called the trachea).  Our lunchs are a very important part of our body. They can take the air in or they can throw the air out. In both cases, the air goes through the trachea. In simple words, we call it breathing in and breathing out.  This process produces an airstream and without an airstream, no sounds can be produced. And so the lungs that provide the airstream are very important for the spe...
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Toasted English by R. K. Narayan

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 उताऱ्याचा मराठीत अनुवाद  टोस्टेड इंग्लिश – आर. के. नारायण अमेरिकन रेस्टॉरंटमध्ये ते ज्याला ‘टोस्टेड इंग्लिश’ म्हणतात, तो खरं तर इंग्लंडमधील इंग्लिश मफिनचाच एक प्रकार असतो. पण अमेरिकेत बनवला असल्यामुळे ते आता त्याला फक्त ‘इंग्लिश’ या नावाने ठेवतात—म्हणजेच मूळ देशाला सन्मान देण्यासाठी. हाच प्रकार त्यांच्या भाषेबद्दलही लागू पडतो. अमेरिकन लोकांनी इंग्लंडकडून इंग्रजी घेतले, पण त्याला अमेरिकन भूमीवर फुलू दिले; त्यामुळे तयार झालेली भाषा ही ब्रिटिश इंग्रजीपेक्षा थोडी वेगळी झाली आहे. तिला आपण टोस्टिंगच्या प्रक्रियेतून गेलेली म्हणू शकतो. या टोस्टिंगमुळे एक लक्षवेधी परिणाम असा झाला की इंग्रजी भाषेभोवतीचा जडसर औपचारिकपणा अमेरिकेत बऱ्याच प्रमाणात गळून पडला. अमेरिकेत, त्यांनी भाषेला पॅसिव्ह व्हॉईसच्या जाचातून मुक्त केले आहे. जिथे आपण फार औपचारिकपणे ‘Trespassing prohibited’ (प्रवेशास मनाई) असं लिहितो, तिथे बर्कलीच्या उद्यानांमध्ये मी पाहिलं की फलकावर फक्त ‘Newly planted, don’t walk’ (नवीन लागवड केली आहे, चालू नये) असं लिहिलेलं असतं. ‘Absolutely No Parking’ (बिलकूल पार्किंग मनाई) यामध्येही क...
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Of Friendship by Francis Bacon

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Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561, in London, and died on April 9, 1626, also in London. He was a lawyer, statesman, philosopher, and a great writer of English. From 1618 to 1621, he served as the lord chancellor of England. People remember him for many things: his short essays full of practical wisdom, his strong speeches in Parliament and famous trials, and his service under King James I. He believed that all knowledge belonged to human beings and urged new ways of studying nature so that people could improve their lives. Important questions with 75-word answers each on Bacon’s essay Of Friendship, Q1. What is Bacon’s main idea in Of Friendship?   Francis Bacon says friendship is very important in human life. A true friend gives comfort when we are sad. A friend also makes our happiness greater when we are joyful. A good friend guides us with wise and helpful advice. Friendship removes loneliness and makes life meaningful. Bacon says wealth, power, and success cannot mat...
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